What is Dynamic Fuel Management?

Design for manufacturability is the general engineering practice of designing products that are easy to manufacture.The implementation of the concept varies depending on manufacturing technology.In order to reduce manufacturing costs, the process of designing or engineering a product is described.Potential problems can be fixed in the design phase which is the least expensive place to address them.Other factors may affect the manufacturability such as the form of the raw material, the type of material and finishing.

Depending on the manufacturing process, there are guidelines for DFM practices.DFM guidelines help to define various tolerances, rules and common manufacturing checks.

Many organizations use a similar concept called DFSS, which is related to the design process.

A set of design guidelines attempt to ensure manufacturability in the PCB design process.It is possible that production problems may be addressed during the design stage.

DFM guidelines should take into account the manufacturing industry's processes and capabilities.DFM is constantly evolving.

As manufacturing companies automate more and more stages of the processes, they become cheaper.DFM can be used to reduce these costs.If a process can be done by machines.It is likely that it is cheaper to do it by hand.

Due to the miniaturization as well as the complexity of leading-edge products, achieving high-yielding designs in the state of the art VLSI technology has become an extremely challenging task.A set of techniques to modify the design of integrated circuits in order to make them more manufacturable is included in the DFM methodology.

In the pre-nanometer era, a set of different methodologies trying to enforce some soft design rules regarding the shapes and polygons of the physical layout of an integrated circuit.The methodologies worked at the full chip level.Worst-case simulations were applied to minimize the impact of process variations on performance and other types of yield loss.The worst-case simulations were based on a base set of SPICE device parameters that were intended to represent the variability of transistor performance over the full range of variation in a fabrication process.

There are several categories for the most important yield loss models.

After understanding the causes of yield loss, the next step is to make the design resistant.There are techniques used for this.

Since these changes trade off against one another, a detailed understanding of yield loss mechanisms is required.The introduction of redundant vias will increase the chance of unwanted shorts.The details of yield loss models and the characteristics of the particular design are what determine whether this is a good idea.

The goal is to lower the cost.The cost is driven by time, so the design must minimize the time required to not just machine (remove the material), but also the set-up time of the CNC machine, NC programming, fixturing and many other activities that are dependent on the complexity and size of part.

Unless a 5th-Axis is used, a machine can only approach the part from one direction.One side must be done at a time.To machine all of the features, the part must be flipped from side to side.Whether the part must be flipped over depends on the geometry of the features.The more ops, the more expensive the part is because it takes more time to load and unload.

Time to load/unload tools, set-up time, machine time and time to create the NC program are some of the things that each operation has.Parts only have to be loaded once if there is only one operation.Load/unload time is significant if it has 5 operations.

The low hanging fruit reduces the number of operations to create significant savings.It may take 2 minutes to machine the face of a small part, but it will take an hour to set the machine up.If there are 5 operations at 1.5 hours each, but only 30 minutes total machine time, then 7.5 hours is charged.[3]

Amortizing the set-up time, programming time and other activities into the cost of the part is dependent on the number of parts to machine.The cost in quantities of 100 could be 7–10X that of the part in 10.

The law of diminishing returns is presented at volumes of 100–300 because set-up times, custom tooling and fixturing can be amortized into the noise.[4]

Softer metals include brass and aluminum.As materials get harder, denser and stronger, such as steel, they become much harder to machine and take longer, thus being less manufacturable.Adding fiberglass or carbon fiber can reduce the machinability of plastic, but most types are easy to machine.There are problems with soft and gummy plastic.

All metals come in different forms.The two most common forms from which parts are made are bar stock and plate.The shape and size of the component can affect which form of material to use.Engineering drawings often specify one form over the other.On a per pound basis, bar stock is close to 1/2 of the cost.The least expensive form of the material can be used to remove the cost at the design stage.

Geometric tolerance is a factor that contributes to the cost of a component.The more expensive component will be to machine if the tolerance is tighter.The loosest tolerance will serve the function of the component.On a feature basis, tolerances must be specified.It is possible to engineer components with lower tolerances that still perform as well as those with higher tolerances.

The time to remove the material is a major factor in determining the cost.The volume and shape of the material to be removed as well as how fast the tools can be fed will determine how long it will take.The strength and rigidity of the tool that is used for milling will be the most important factor in determining the speed.The faster the tool can be fed through the material, the shorter it is.The optimum ratio is 3:1.If that ratio can't be achieved, a solution like this can be used.The length to diameter ratio of the tools is less important for holes.