Pashto is spoken by as many as 50 million people, most of them living in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Pakistan.Pashto can be difficult to learn for native English speakers.You can succeed at learning Pashto if you practice.Have patience as you study diligently.It is kismet darta.Thank you for good luck!
Step 1: You can practice pronouncing the Pashto alphabet.
You can sound out words even if you don't know what they mean by learning to pronounce the letters of the alphabet.You can learn the script with drilling pronunciation.Many letters in Pashto are pronounced with different parts of your mouth and tongue.Pashto has many sounds in common with other languages.Pashto has retroflex consonants, which you pronounce by curling your tongue so that it touches the roof of your mouth.There is a video lesson on pronouncing the Pashto alphabet.There is a PDF of the Pashto alphabet pronunciation available at Indiana University.
Step 2: Pay attention to the stress in words.
The syllable stressed is different in Pashto.Stress can fall on any syllable of a word, and can be used to distinguish meanings between words that are not the same.The word spa means "mare" and the word asp meaning "spotted fever."If you were bartering with a local for a horse to ride through the countryside, you wouldn't want to get confused.
Step 3: Put the object before the sentence.
Pashto sentences may give you trouble if you speak English or another European language.Pashto sentences usually follow the subject-object-verb word order.The Pashto word for "dai" is "is.""D Ketb dai" is what you would say if you wanted to say "this is a book".The word dai comes last."This book is" is what you're saying.This order is used in other languages, as well as some Asian languages.This aspect of Pashto probably won't be a problem for you if you're familiar with any of those.
Step 4: The context of the sentence requires a change in the verbs and nouns.
Nouns in Pashto are highly modified to reflect gender, number, and case.tense, voice, aspect, and mood are some of the phrases modified to indicate them.The aspect is as important as the tense in Pashto.
Step 5: From the right to the left, read Pashto script.
Pashto is similar to Arabic and many other Iranian languages in that it is read right to left.It can take some getting used to if you're not familiar with other languages.If you want to practice script and writing the alphabet, you should start on the right side of the page and move left.It is possible to invest in notebooks that are bound on the right side instead of the left.
Step 6: Look at borrowed words.
Due to the influence of Islam on Pashtun cultures, Pashto has an extensive vocabulary.You can say a number of words in Pashto if you know any of these languages.There are many words that are borrowed from English when talking about science, technology, politics, and the military.The Greek occupation of Afghanistan in the 3rd century BC resulted in Pashto having words borrowed from Greek.
Step 7: They said "as-salaamu' alaykum" (ah sa-LAAM-oo ah-LEH-kum).
"peace be upon you" is a standard Arabic greeting among Muslims.The phrase "hello" is no longer used in Pashto.Similar to "hi" or "hey" in English, "Khe chare" is a more informal way of saying hello.If someone says "as-salaamu' alaykum" to you, it's time to say "and also with you."
Step 8: Say "ta sanga yee"
It's normal to ask this question after you've greeted someone.You can reply "Za kha yam, mannana, ta sanga yee?" if they ask you first."I'm doing well, and you?" is what this essentially means.You can say "k'he yem, manena," which means "Thank you."
Step 9: Say "staa num tsa dhe" (STAA noom TSE dai) when asking someone's name.
Once the initial greetings are over, you want to know who you're talking with, as well as properly introduce yourself.To tell them your name, use the phrase "zama num" followed by the word "de".You can say "pleased to meet you" once the person has introduced themselves.
Step 10: Let the person know you don't know a lot about Pashto.
You want to let your conversation partner know that you don't speak Pashto very well once the initial greetings are out of the way.It means "I can't speak Pashto well."If they asked if you spoke Pashto.You might say, "Yes, a little."The person might start speaking to you in Pashto if your pronunciation of the initial greetings was strong.You can say "za na poheegum," which means "I don't understand," and then slow them down.
Step 11: Don't mind your manners with polite words and phrases.
When you are just learning Pashto and trying to converse with native speakers, saying please and thank will go a long way."Mehrabai wakrey" is "please" in Pashto."lotfan" can also be used.You can say "manana" or "tashakor" for thank you."har kala rasha" means "any time" if someone says one of these words to you."Excuse me" or "I'm sorry" is what you should say.
Step 12: The Defense Language Institute has a lot of resources.
The Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center is run by the US Department of Defense.You can find Pashto learning materials on the website.Military personnel stationed in regions where Pashto is spoken are the focus of the resources, but there are also introductory materials that are appropriate for beginners.There are resources that can help you understand the culture and traditions of Pashto.Understanding the culture can help you understand the language better.
Step 13: CeLCAR modules can be used.
There are online Pashto lessons available for free at Indiana University.You have to register for a free account to take the lessons.Audio and text are included in 10 modules.
Step 14: News from Afghanistan can be watched online.
You can watch hundreds of short news videos in Pashto on the Afghanistan television network's YouTube channel, where you can learn about issues of importance in the region.You can watch or subscribe to the channel.If you want to watch for free, you can scroll on related channels.
Step 15: If you want to learn Pashto script, you can try the beginning textbook.
The introductory textbook for teaching Afghan Pashto was created by the US Department of Education's Center for Applied Linguistics.The textbook is available for free on the internet.The basics of Pashto script have not changed since the last revision of the textbook in 1993.Dialogues and readings are included in the textbook.The audio files that accompany the textbook are free to download.
Step 16: Discuss Pashto language issues in forums.
There are numerous forums and social media networks online that you can use to read, watch videos, and talk to native speakers and fellow students alike.There is a Pashtun forum on the internet.Many of the posts are in English, but there are also posts and conversations in Pashto.