When you understand the rules, naming ion is fairly simple.The first thing to think about is if the ion is positive or negative charged.The ion may have more than one oxidation state.You can follow a few simple steps once you have answered all of the questions.
Step 1: The periodic table needs to be memorised.
You need to remember the names of the elements that make up ion.If you put the periodic table in memory, you will have a simpler time naming them.If you can't remember the name of an element, consult the periodic table.
Step 2: The word ion should be added.
The word ion must be used at the end of the name to distinguish it from an atom.
Step 3: Positive ion names can be used.
Positively charged monoatomic ion have single oxidation states.The element that forms them are the same as these.For example, the element Na has a name, so it's called Na+.Positively charged ion are also known as cations.
Step 4: The -ide is a negative ion.
The stem form of the element name is used to name monoatomic ion with a negative charge and a single oxidation state.The element O2 has a name that is oxide ion.The element F is fluorine, so it's called F-.Anions are negatively charged ion.
Step 5: Know which ion can have more than one oxidation state.
The oxidation state of an ion is how many electrons it gains or loses.Transition metals, which are grouped together in the periodic table of elements, have more than one oxidation state.The oxidation state of an ion is the same as the charge.Two transition metals, zinc and Scandium, do not have more than one oxidation state.
Step 6: The roman numeral system is used.
roman numeral in parentheses is the most common way to indicate the oxidation state of an ion.The element name should be used for any positive ion.Iron (II) ion is called Fe2+.You won't have to worry about adding the -ide suffix because transition metals do not carry negative charges.
Step 7: The old system should be familiar to you.
The roman numeral system is more common than the older naming system.The system adds a suffix to the ion with a lower positive charge.The relative nature of the suffixes means they do not correspond directly to numbers.The old system called for iron to be called ferric ion because it has a lower positive charge than iron.If copper has a lower positive charge than copper, it would be called cupric ion.The roman numeral system is preferred because it does not work well for ion that have more than two charges.
Step 8: Know what a polyatomic ion is.
A polyatomic ion is one that contains more than one element.These are not ionic compounds, which are formed when positive and negative charged ion bonds.There is a system for naming ionic compounds.
Step 9: Pick out the names of the polyatomic ion.
You may want to memorize the ones that you will need to remember most often because the naming system for polyatomic ion is complex.Bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) and hydrogen sulfate ION are examples of common polyatomic ions.
Step 10: There is a pattern for negatively charged polyatomic atoms.
There is a pattern to the naming system for negatively charged polyatomic ion.You will be able to name any ion once you understand the pattern.The -ite suffix can be used to indicate a low oxidation state.The NO2 is the nitrite ion.The -ate suffix is used to indicate a high oxidation state.The NO3 is the nitrate ion.The lowest oxidation state is indicated by the hypo- prefix.There is a hypochlorite ion.The very highest oxidation state is indicated by the per- prefix.The perchlorate ion is the ClO4-ion.The -ide ending on hydroxide, cyanide, and peroxide is because they were once thought to be monatomic ion.