How high should a staircase be?
Statutes, standards and regulations set OSHA requirements.These requirements are explained in our interpretation letters, but they are not able to create additional employer obligations.The letter is OSHA's interpretation of the requirements.Changes to OSHA rules may affect our enforcement guidance.In response to new information, we update our guidance.You can consult OSHA's website for more information.
Compliance Safety and Health Officers are provided with guidance on how to enforce the handrail and stair rail system requirements in 29 CFR 1910.29(f)(1)(ii)(B).Since the final Walking- Working Surfaces rule was published, OSHA has received a number of inquiries.
The height of stair rail systems must not be less than 42 inches.Section 1910.29(f)(1)(ii)(A) allows the top rail of a stair rail system to be used as a handrail if the system is not more than 38 inches tall.
1910.29(f)(1)(iii)(A) only applies to stair rail systems installed before January 17, 2017:
The Federal Register Notice will clarify the Agency's original intent.Guidance will apply in the interim.
OSHA will not issue citations until stair rail systems that meet 1910.29(f)(1)(ii)(A) are installed.The heights of handrails and top rails of stair rail systems installed prior to any future FRN that meet either Figure 1 or 2 will not need to be retrofitted.
If you have a question about this policy, please contact Sanji Kanth.
Figure 1.It does not show compliance with all provisions of the standard whenDepicts the height requirement when a handrail and top rail of a stair rail system are combined.
Figure 2.When the handrail and top rail are separate, it does not show compliance with all provisions of the standard.
There are no openings in the top 1/3 of the hood.There should be covers for open areas.Don't allow open areas.fireproof material can be used to close opening around pipes.
For lead particulate Vface 3 2,000 - 3,500, he equates to 0.25 VPduct with covers off.
Flexible tubing to fan or main with 45% take-off, and an oxide drum with drum filling tube are included.A schematic view is included.
A completely enclosed conveyor with a settling box, internal skirt board, troughing belt, return belt scraper or brush, scraper conveyor and cleanout and inspection doors.The type of construction affects the leakage factor.
The manual of recommended practice is from the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.All rights belong to 1998.Permission was granted for this article to be reproduced.
Industrial Ventilation: A Manual of Recommended Practice is from the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.All rights belong to 1998.Permission was granted for this article to be reproduced.
The motion is transmitted to the screw conveyors.The bolts were self-locking.
The material being conveyed and the rotating parts are completely enclosed by troughs and conveyors.Depending on the trough being used, covers can be secured by spring, screw, tite-seal, or quick-acting barron clamps.Also available in a tubular configuration.
discharge spouts can be fitted with either flat or curved slides or without slides.The slides can be operated by hand, rack and pinion gears, or by power.
These sketches show the typical drag conveyor layout.They can be combined to suit specific applications.
These sketches show the typical drag conveyor layout.They can be combined to suit specific applications.
The test station has a hinged door and a plate on the hood.Gate open when not in use.
Q is 300 x W x L and Vtransport 3 is 4,200 fpm.
The bag holding tray is elevated above the floor.
The lead pot has a hood.Work openings should be as small as practical.It's advisable to have doors.There is a door for the dross pan.
The opening and volume of products of combustion are taken into account.For fume only, the duct velocity is 2,000 - 3,500 fpm.The duct speed is 4,200 - 4,500 fpm.Transport velocity is necessary for horizontal runs.
There are three views of the scrap pot and dross hood.The shovel is in the slot.The side view shows a door.The slot in the hood is over the drum.The hood fits against the pot hood.
Vslot is 1,000 fpm Q and Vduct is 4,200 - 4,500fpm.
It is greater than or equal to 72" W.G.The source must be within one inch of the hood.
The side view of the barrel shows the flow of air to the exhaust duct while the hood sits on the drum.
Q at 400 cfm Vduct at 4,200 - 4,500 fpm Dduct is up to 4' long.
The top view shows the supplied air island and exhaust.The side view has a plastic sheet around the three sides of the air island.Side curtains can be done.There is a side view of the supplied air island.
A plate take-off operation with a drying oven, take off hood, and a roller conveyor mounted on a floor with an air island above.
A - Take-off hood, B - Lug-breaking hood and C -Rotary stacking table.
The plate take-off hood has a conveyor from the oven, belly bar and equipment enclosure.There is a front view with access doors and a conveyor.The side view has a belly bar.
Size hoods to meet equipment needs are 250 cfm/ft2 open and 1,000 cid Vt.
The size to fit operation is 4,200 - 4,500 fpm.
Isometric view of a stacking table.There are slots in the side-draft hood.The hinged door, platform and pusher are shown in the top view.
Use blast gates to balance system; provide at least -5" static pressure at point "a"
The supplied air island has a top view.The outline of grating and supplied air island is called Detail D.The side view shows a plate distributor with clear plastic.The Air Island is above the floor grating.
The area of the SAI is 150 x 150.
The hood is shown between the flash drier and take-off.It extends from the bottom to the floor.The top is open.
Size Q for 400 fpm at hood openings to room is 0.44 VPduct.
The build rack has solid plywood sides and is open against the hood.
There is a build rack to butt up against the hood.
Isometric view of take-off work station hood showing spillage collection trays, air foil, belly bar, scrap barrel, plates in conveyor, glass, "air tight" construction and wet floor with grating or mats.The scrap barrel, the conveyor, and the drawers may be replaced with plastic containers for minimum material transfer can be seen in the front view.The airfoil belly bar is shown in the side view.The hood enclosure's dimensions are 25" width, 14" height and 4% clearance of the glass.
The length to need Vslot is 2,000 fpm and he has 2.3 VPslot and 0.25 VPduct.
The saw housing has an exhaust on it.There is a front view of a band saw.The saw housing needs to be cleaned out every day.A lot of construction.The side view has a grate and shelf.
If blast gates are used, the design for SPh 3 -4" is 3 VPduct.
The entry loss is 0.25 VP Duct Velocity.
The station has grating, plexiglass and light.There are also slots and face shown.There are three views with a gate cleanout.
VT 3 4,200 - 4,500 fpm is typical and Q is H x L x 300.
Stacking table with single exhaust booth hood showing openings, bucket or plastic bag, legs, and work surface.
Q is the size of the open area Vduct; place opening is elbow level.
The hooded stacking station has a storage table.The front view shows the hood, slot, and stacking rack.There is a side view of a storage table.Sides as feasible.There is a size to need.
W1 + 1' H + W2 + 500 x W3 is the size of the job.
Size to Job Q is 400 cfm/ft2 surface area.
The Directorate of Technical Support and Emergency Management can be reached at (202) 693-2300.
There is a plan view of housing showing a door.Sheet metal panels for maintenance.There is a front and side view of the access door for burner maintenance and air inlet.
Vt 3 4,000 fpm is the size to need to open the enclosure.
There is a plan view with a kettle, exhausted enclosure, enclosed exhausted conveyor panel, front end of enclosure made of plexiglass, and an outline of the supplied air island.Side view with supplied air island, door for drossing lead pot, access for burner maintenance, kettle, work opening and Dynacast.Exhausted enclosure is a typical hood design for stacking, group drop and supplied air islands.
Size is the amount of open space needed to fit an enclosure Vt is 4,200 - 4,500 fpm.
The burner hood shows the location of the employee, as well as the screen and slot.The employee reached over the belly bar for the battery.There is a maximum distance for the belly bar.If an employee has to lift batteries from a further distance, they must consider ergonomics.
He has a VPduct of 2.2 and a Vslot of 2,000 fpm.
There is a maximum distance for the belly bar.If an employee has to lift batteries from a further distance, they must consider ergonomics.
The Directorate of Technical Support and Emergency Management can be reached at (202) 693-2300.
There is a front view of a stack and burn bench hood.There is a side view with glass and grating.
The Teigel Machine has a duck and blast gate, a plate storage box, and a sliding bolt.The rejected container enclosure is shown.The side view of the hinged plexiglass shows a slot to seal against the 1 1/2 X 42" slot in the tiegel machine.
Match 2 1/2 X 42" Slot against 1 1/3 X 40" Slot in Tiegel Machine.Attach the felt gasket around the perimeter of the slot with self-drilling screws.
Isometric view at pre-sink table and hood with bar grating.There are hood pieces in detail A.The bar hood is welded to the sides.There is an internal view of detail A and B.
He is either 1.78 VPslot or 0.25 VPduct.
The portable hood is attached to a high pressure compressor.It could be up to 20 feet.
The size to fit the operation Vslot is 0.35 VPduct Vduct 3.
The hood must be close to the emission source.The torch flame should be directed at the slot.
The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH®) has a Manual of Recommended Practice.All rights belong to 1998.Permission was granted for this article to be reproduced.
The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH®) has a Manual of Recommended Practice.All rights belong to 1998.Permission was granted for this article to be reproduced.
The manual of recommended practice is from the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.All rights belong to 1998.Permission was granted for this article to be reproduced.
There are flexible exhaust connections with overhead support and a galvanized hood.
The manual of recommended practice is from the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.Copyright 1988.Permission was granted for this article to be reproduced.
There is a workbench with side baffles and slots for 2000 fpm.
The required working space is 350 cfm/lineal ft of hood and the bench width is 24.
There are two sizes of piping for the system, one for 72,000rpm Disc sander, and the other for 6,700rpm Cup stone grinder.The machine types are listed in parentheses.The lines flow into piping that is connected to a primary separator, a dust collector, and an exhauster.
Smooth flow tubing and fittings should be used throughout the system.Schedule Nol40 pipe and cast iron drainage fittings should be used in place of tubing when the system is used for vacuum cleaning of abrasive materials.
The manual of recommended practice is from the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.Copyright 1988.Permission was granted for this article to be reproduced.
The Branch static pressure is 7 to 14 Hg and the Slot velocity is 30,000 to 39,000 fpm.
Larger sizes between the tool hose and the tubing system can be used to extendose lengths up to a maximum of 50 ft.
The manual of recommended practice is from the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.Copyright 1988.Permission was granted for this article to be reproduced.
Plastic sheeting should be at least 84" off the ground to avoid contact with the worker and the release of dust from the sheets.View 3 shows the flow of clean air through the supplied air island.
The central vacuum system has oxide mills, casting operations, and storage areas.There are separators located outside.
Provide access points close to areas of high dust concentration and locate exhaust outside.
The central vacuum system has a producer and bag separator.The second finishing area is connected to the central vacuum system.
A vacuum producer has a control panel that flows to a tubular bag separator and a barrel cover with a flex neck.There is an inlet pipe from drops.
Flows from the central vacuum system are shown.
Steel collection/sedimentation box with bar grating, water fed steel brush holder, flexible hose, and overflow to wastewater treatment plant
These machines have to be enclosed and exhaust into a vacuum system.The opening should be enclosed with rubber or other material to prevent blow back of leaded material.
The unit has side panels, entrance and exit doors, and an air shower base.The mechanical unit is shown with access panels.
Cross section of mobile vacuum with skid plate, blast orifice skid guard, front inner curtain, 1/8" ground clearance for maximum sweeping efficiency,8" rear curtain and opening for 4" curtain
The air island is above the testing station.There are red arrows pointing to the supplied air island and the paste mixer in the background.
Front view of intercell burning backdraft hood.The side view shows the hood and conveyor.
H is the height of the battery and the Vslot is 2,000 fpm.
Burn the battery against the flange.Only burn toward the slot.Installation of mesh screen over slot to keep trash out.